Trans woman Lia Thomas speeds past her college swimming competitors, shattering school records and making it all look effortless. She’s not alone, as other trans women athletes like track star CeCé Telfer and weightlifter Laurel Hubbard easily triumph over their cisgender competitors. (Transgender don’t identify with the sex assigned at birth. Cis do.) This has sparked debate about fairness. 

But fair for whom? Cis women? Trans women? It’s not so easy to unravel.